Skip to main content
Where to ski

Compare ski resorts

Compare long-term ski-area quality, current conditions and short-term seven-day skiing scenarios without mixing their evidence.

Selected8 of 10
ProfileBalanced
ModeStructural
Comparison workspace

Shape the comparison

Set the comparison priorities, then inspect which selected resort fits best and what could change the result.

8 of 10 selected
Export
Add resorts

Balances permanent quality, snow reliability, terrain and current conditions.

Tune prioritiesBalanced
Decision weights

Missing resort data remain eligible: unavailable evidence is omitted and confidence falls instead of the resort receiving a zero.

More comparison optionsTrip context · direct add · display
Fit = structural suitabilityNow = current opportunityDecision combines both when timing makes current conditions relevant
How Benchmark works

Priorities determine the structural ranking; optional trip context refines those priorities without excluding a resort. Evidence describes data support, Stability tests nearby priority changes, and Frontier marks a non-dominated option on comparable evidence.

Trip contextOptional

Use these only when they matter for this trip. They adjust ranking and interpretation; they are not hidden filters.

Travel origin is preserved with the decision state; access scoring uses the selected arrival hub when one is chosen.
Display options
Comparison sections
Decision horizon
Recommendation

Decision summary

Chamonix is the strongest match because of strong terrain match · 86/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale, good reliability match · 71/100 — led by strong snow resilience. Arosa is the strongest alternative. 5 options remain on the Pareto frontier. 2 options have limited evidence coverage.

Balanced profileSummer / glacier
Narrow lead

Chamonix

74/100
Why
  1. Chamonix is the strongest match because of strong terrain match · 86/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale, good reliability match · 71/100 — led by strong snow resilience. Arosa is the strongest alternative. 5 options remain on the Pareto frontier. 2 options have limited evidence coverage.
Mixed evidenceUpdated 11 h ago
  • Strong structural fit for the selected priorities (82/100).
  • Solid upper-mountain snow base at 145 cm.
AlternativeArosa
Main uncertaintyMost of the evidence requested by this priority profile is available.
Would change ifA material forecast shift or a different priority profile could change the ranking.
Mixed evidenceUpdated 11 h ago5.5 pts lead
Next
Open webcamsShow on mapInspect forecast
Detailed comparison reasoningEvidence bridge, trade-offs and decision boundaries
Recommended for this profile

Chamonix

Advanced-terrain specialistLow-regret choiceNarrow lead

Leads on strong terrain match · 86/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale, good reliability match · 71/100 — led by strong snow resilience.

Why Chamonix leads Arosa Snow now +3.6 pts and Access +3.4 pts
Snow now +3.6Access +3.4Snow reliability -2.6Terrain fit +1.1
Incoming snow and Weather stay in the forecast layer unless current/forecast evidence is explicitly part of the Decision score.

Strongest alternativeArosa

Main uncertaintyMost of the evidence requested by this priority profile is available.

What could change the resultReduce lift system weight from 14 to 0 and Arosa becomes the leading option.

Lead margin5.5pts

Difference between the first and second option.

Ranking stabilityHigh100%

The ranking changes little under nearby priority weights. Rank range 1–1.

Evidence confidence73%

Coverage and coherence of evidence used by this comparison.

Advanced analysisSensitivity, Pareto trade-offs and score contributions
Pareto frontier5 options

3 options are dominated on commonly available dimensions.

Explore decision boundaries · what preference change flips the winner?

These are the smallest tested single-dimension changes that produce a different leader. Apply one to inspect that scenario; no new database query is required to calculate the boundary.

Lift systemArosa

Reduce lift system weight from 14 to 0 and Arosa becomes the leading option.

14 → 0
SnowSchnalstal

Increase snow weight from 24 to 56 and Schnalstal becomes the leading option.

24 → 56
Family & valueArosa

Increase family & value weight from 12 to 46 and Arosa becomes the leading option.

12 → 46
ScaleArosa

Increase scale weight from 16 to 76 and Arosa becomes the leading option.

16 → 76
Why Chamonix leads Arosa · 5.5 pts
Lift system+5.5 pts
Current opportunity+3.6 pts
Access+3.4 pts
Snow-2.6 pts
Family & value-2.4 pts
Scale-2.1 pts

Point contributions reconcile the structural Fit dimensions and confidence-limited current opportunity. Missing evidence is not treated as zero.

More comparison leadersAdditional category leaders

Resort overview

Trip match is profile-specific. Expand the calculation to see exactly how each score is built.

Chamonix

#1 · Chamonix Valley · France

Decision74/100
Fit82/100
Now26/100
Quality6.0/10
Now26145 cm upperReliability7171/100Terrain8686/100Access8563 min
Decision score composition

Fit remains the structural anchor. Current opportunity receives weight only when current evidence is available, covered and fresh; otherwise Decision falls back toward Fit.

Fit81.986% weight Now26.014% weight Decision74.2/100
Structural Fit calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Snow71/100 · 73% evidence 16.9 / 24.0 pts
Terrain86/100 · 80% evidence 19.0 / 22.0 pts
Scale98/100 · 85% evidence 15.7 / 16.0 pts
Lift system76/100 · 68% evidence 10.7 / 14.0 pts
Access85/100 · 68% evidence 10.2 / 12.0 pts
Family & value79/100 · 41% evidence 9.5 / 12.0 pts

Data coverage: 71%

Current-opportunity calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Mountain snow145 cm 20.7 / 42.9 pts
Fresh snow0 cm 0.0 / 22.9 pts
Valley snow30 cm 3.8 / 22.9 pts
Mid-mountain snow30 cm 1.4 / 11.4 pts
Open terrainNo data excluded
Snow qualityNo data excluded

Data coverage: 70%

Destination typeAdvanced-terrain specialistBest useAdvanced skiing · 84/100Snow reliabilityHighSki area175 km · 2,842 m verticalTerrain >2,000 m55%Best transfer63 minCurrent dataUpdated for selected datePeer group150–299 km · Top 2,800+ mCalendar contextMountain snow is 146% above the available five-year level for this point in the season.
Strengths
  • Strong terrain match · 86/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale..
  • Good reliability match · 71/100 — led by strong snow resilience..

Arosa

#2 · Arosa Lenzerheide · Switzerland

Decision69/100
Fit69/100
Now0/100
Quality9.2/10
Now00 cm freshReliability7272/100Terrain7272/100Access45129 min
Decision score composition

Fit remains the structural anchor. Current opportunity receives weight only when current evidence is available, covered and fresh; otherwise Decision falls back toward Fit.

Fit68.7100% weight Now0.00% weight Decision68.7/100
Structural Fit calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Snow72/100 · 73% evidence 17.2 / 24.0 pts
Terrain74/100 · 80% evidence 16.3 / 22.0 pts
Scale98/100 · 85% evidence 15.6 / 16.0 pts
Lift system26/100 · 68% evidence 3.7 / 14.0 pts
Access45/100 · 68% evidence 5.4 / 12.0 pts
Family & value88/100 · 41% evidence 10.6 / 12.0 pts

Data coverage: 71%

Current-opportunity calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Fresh snow0 cm 0.0 / 100.0 pts
Mid-mountain snowNo data excluded
Mountain snowNo data excluded
Open terrainNo data excluded
Snow qualityNo data excluded
Valley snowNo data excluded

Data coverage: 16%

Destination typeLarge-domain explorerBest useAdvanced skiing · 72/100Snow reliabilityExceptionalSki area225 km · 1,636 m verticalTerrain >2,000 m48%Best transfer129 minCurrent dataUpdated for selected datePeer group150–299 km · Top 2,800+ m
Strengths
  • Good terrain match · 72/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale..
  • Good reliability match · 72/100 — led by strong snow resilience..
Consider

Lift-system evidence is less convincing.

Schnalstal

#3 · Schnalstaler Gletscher · Italy

Decision68/100
Fit75/100
Now16/100
Quality9.0/10
Now166 cm upperReliability9696/100Terrain7373/100Access42133 min
Decision score composition

Fit remains the structural anchor. Current opportunity receives weight only when current evidence is available, covered and fresh; otherwise Decision falls back toward Fit.

Fit74.988% weight Now15.912% weight Decision67.6/100
Structural Fit calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Snow96/100 · 37% evidence 23.0 / 24.0 pts
Terrain91/100 · 52% evidence 20.1 / 22.0 pts
Scale81/100 · 85% evidence 13.0 / 16.0 pts
Lift system40/100 · 68% evidence 5.6 / 14.0 pts
Access42/100 · 68% evidence 5.0 / 12.0 pts
Family & value67/100 · 41% evidence 8.1 / 12.0 pts

Data coverage: 57%

Current-opportunity calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Mountain snow6 cm 0.9 / 46.9 pts
Fresh snow0 cm 0.0 / 25.0 pts
Snow quality9.4/10 14.7 / 15.6 pts
Mid-mountain snow5 cm 0.3 / 12.5 pts
Open terrainNo data excluded
Valley snowNo data excluded

Data coverage: 64%

Destination typeAdvanced-terrain specialistBest useSnow-first trips · 82/100Snow reliabilityExceptionalSki area42 km · 1,201 m verticalBest transfer133 minCurrent dataUpdated for selected datePeer group<50 km · Top 2,800+ mCalendar contextMountain snow is 87% below the available five-year level for this point in the season.
Strengths
  • Good terrain match · 73/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale; partial evidence..
  • Exceptional reliability match · 96/100 — led by strong snow resilience; partial evidence..
Consider

Lift-system evidence is less convincing.

Breuil Cervinia

#4 · Matterhorn Ski Paradise · Italy

Decision64/100
Fit75/100
Now22/100
Quality9.2/10
Now2280 cm upperReliability9494/100Terrain7171/100Access61104 min
Decision score composition

Fit remains the structural anchor. Current opportunity receives weight only when current evidence is available, covered and fresh; otherwise Decision falls back toward Fit.

Fit75.478% weight Now21.722% weight Decision63.7/100
Structural Fit calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Snow94/100 · 73% evidence 22.5 / 24.0 pts
Terrain75/100 · 80% evidence 16.4 / 22.0 pts
Scale99/100 · 100% evidence 15.9 / 16.0 pts
Lift system40/100 · 68% evidence 5.6 / 14.0 pts
Access61/100 · 68% evidence 7.3 / 12.0 pts
Family & value64/100 · 41% evidence 7.7 / 12.0 pts

Data coverage: 74%

Current-opportunity calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Mountain snow80 cm 8.0 / 30.0 pts
Open terrain7% 1.4 / 20.0 pts
Fresh snow0 cm 0.0 / 16.0 pts
Valley snow19 cm 1.7 / 16.0 pts
Snow quality9.6/10 9.6 / 10.0 pts
Mid-mountain snow30 cm 1.0 / 8.0 pts

Data coverage: 100%

Destination typeHigh-alpine snow anchorBest useSnow-first trips · 81/100Snow reliabilityVery highSki area322 km · 2,337 m verticalTerrain >2,000 m92%Best transfer104 minCurrent dataUpdated for selected datePeer group300+ km · Top 2,800+ mCalendar contextMountain snow is 36% below the available five-year level for this point in the season.
Strengths
  • Good terrain match · 71/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale..
  • Exceptional reliability match · 94/100 — led by strong snow resilience..
Consider

Lift-system evidence is less convincing.

Saas

#5 · Saastal · Switzerland

Decision64/100
Fit64/100
Now0/100
Quality8.7/10
Now00 cm freshReliability7474/100Terrain7070/100Access10441 min
Decision score composition

Fit remains the structural anchor. Current opportunity receives weight only when current evidence is available, covered and fresh; otherwise Decision falls back toward Fit.

Fit63.7100% weight Now0.00% weight Decision63.7/100
Structural Fit calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Snow74/100 · 73% evidence 17.7 / 24.0 pts
Terrain74/100 · 80% evidence 16.3 / 22.0 pts
Scale97/100 · 85% evidence 15.5 / 16.0 pts
Lift system39/100 · 68% evidence 5.4 / 14.0 pts
Access10/100 · 68% evidence 1.2 / 12.0 pts
Family & value63/100 · 41% evidence 7.6 / 12.0 pts

Data coverage: 71%

Current-opportunity calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Fresh snow0 cm 0.0 / 100.0 pts
Mid-mountain snowNo data excluded
Mountain snowNo data excluded
Open terrainNo data excluded
Snow qualityNo data excluded
Valley snowNo data excluded

Data coverage: 16%

Destination typeLarge-domain explorerBest useAdvanced skiing · 70/100Snow reliabilityVery highSki area142 km · 2,101 m verticalTerrain >2,000 m57%Best transfer441 minCurrent dataUpdated for selected datePeer group50–149 km · Top 2,800+ m
Strengths
  • Good terrain match · 70/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale..
  • Good reliability match · 74/100 — led by strong snow resilience..
Consider

Access is a relative compromise.

Molltaler Gletscher

#6 · Molltaler Gletscher · Austria

Decision62/100
Fit71/100
Now3/100
Quality7.5/10
Now315 cm upperReliability9090/100Terrain6969/100Access46124 min
Decision score composition

Fit remains the structural anchor. Current opportunity receives weight only when current evidence is available, covered and fresh; otherwise Decision falls back toward Fit.

Fit71.186% weight Now3.014% weight Decision61.8/100
Structural Fit calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Snow90/100 · 37% evidence 21.7 / 24.0 pts
Terrain84/100 · 52% evidence 18.5 / 22.0 pts
Scale79/100 · 100% evidence 12.6 / 16.0 pts
Lift system41/100 · 68% evidence 5.8 / 14.0 pts
Access46/100 · 68% evidence 5.5 / 12.0 pts
Family & value60/100 · 41% evidence 7.1 / 12.0 pts

Data coverage: 59%

Current-opportunity calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Mountain snow15 cm 2.1 / 42.9 pts
Fresh snow1 cm 0.5 / 22.9 pts
Valley snow0 cm 0.0 / 22.9 pts
Mid-mountain snow9 cm 0.4 / 11.4 pts
Open terrainNo data excluded
Snow qualityNo data excluded

Data coverage: 70%

Destination typeAdvanced-terrain specialistBest useSnow-first trips · 77/100Snow reliabilityExceptionalSki area36 km · 1,014 m verticalBest transfer124 minCurrent dataUpdated for selected datePeer group<50 km · Top 2,800+ mCalendar contextMountain snow is 69% below the available five-year level for this point in the season.
Strengths
  • Good terrain match · 69/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale; partial evidence..
  • Exceptional reliability match · 90/100 — led by strong snow resilience; partial evidence..
Consider

Lift-system evidence is less convincing.

Kristberg

#7 · Kristberg Silbertal · Austria

Decision49/100
Fit49/100
Now0/100
Quality5.0/10
Now00 cm freshReliability3838/100Terrain5353/100
Decision score composition

Fit remains the structural anchor. Current opportunity receives weight only when current evidence is available, covered and fresh; otherwise Decision falls back toward Fit.

Fit48.9100% weight Now0.00% weight Decision48.9/100
Structural Fit calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Snow38/100 · 73% evidence 10.4 / 27.3 pts
Terrain59/100 · 80% evidence 14.7 / 25.0 pts
Scale41/100 · 100% evidence 7.5 / 18.2 pts
Lift system41/100 · 68% evidence 6.5 / 15.9 pts
Family & value72/100 · 41% evidence 9.8 / 13.6 pts
AccessNo data excluded

Data coverage: 66%

Current-opportunity calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Fresh snow0 cm 0.0 / 100.0 pts
Mid-mountain snowNo data excluded
Mountain snowNo data excluded
Open terrainNo data excluded
Snow qualityNo data excluded
Valley snowNo data excluded

Data coverage: 16%

Destination typeFamily-led destinationBest useFamily trips · 54/100Snow reliabilityMarginalSki area8 km · 700 m verticalTerrain >2,000 m0%Current dataUpdated for selected datePeer group<50 km · Top <2,000 m
Strengths
  • Solid terrain match · 53/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale..
  • Mixed reliability match · 38/100 — led by strong snow resilience..
Consider

Snow resilience is less distinctive.

Rothenthurm

#8 · Rothenthurm · Switzerland

Decision44/100
Fit44/100
Now0/100
Quality2.5/10
Now00 cm freshReliability3333/100Terrain4949/100
Decision score composition

Fit remains the structural anchor. Current opportunity receives weight only when current evidence is available, covered and fresh; otherwise Decision falls back toward Fit.

Fit44.3100% weight Now0.00% weight Decision44.3/100
Structural Fit calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Snow33/100 · 73% evidence 9.0 / 27.3 pts
Terrain46/100 · 80% evidence 11.6 / 25.0 pts
Scale39/100 · 85% evidence 7.1 / 18.2 pts
Lift system50/100 · 8% evidence 7.9 / 15.9 pts
Family & value64/100 · 41% evidence 8.7 / 13.6 pts
AccessNo data excluded

Data coverage: 55%

Current-opportunity calculation

Missing evidence is unknown, never zero. Available dimensions are rescaled to 100%; evidence coverage remains visible separately.

Fresh snow0 cm 0.0 / 100.0 pts
Mid-mountain snowNo data excluded
Mountain snowNo data excluded
Open terrainNo data excluded
Snow qualityNo data excluded
Valley snowNo data excluded

Data coverage: 16%

Destination typeFamily-led destinationBest useFamily trips · 49/100Snow reliabilityLowSki area10 km · 430 m verticalTerrain >2,000 m0%Current dataUpdated for selected datePeer group<50 km · Top <2,000 m
Strengths
  • Mixed terrain match · 49/100 — led by strong terrain profile and substantial ski-area scale; partial evidence..
  • Mixed reliability match · 33/100 — led by strong snow resilience..
Consider

Snow resilience is less distinctive.

Side-by-side evidence

Detailed comparison

Structural snow resilience uses the multi-winter early/core/late archive after daily de-duplication. Calendar-date rows separately compare current observations with the previous five years. Missing archive evidence remains unknown.

Scroll horizontally to compare resortsThe attribute column stays visible
AttributeChamonixChamonix ValleyArosaArosa LenzerheideSchnalstalSchnalstaler GletscherBreuil CerviniaMatterhorn Ski ParadiseSaasSaastalMolltaler GletscherMolltaler GletscherKristbergKristberg SilbertalRothenthurmRothenthurm
Assessment
Decision score 74/100clear advantage69/10068/10064/10064/10062/10049/10044/100
Structural Fit 82/100clear advantage69/10075/10075/10064/10071/10049/10044/100
Current opportunity 26/1000/10016/10022/1000/1003/1000/1000/100
Overall quality 6.0/109.2/109.0/109.2/108.7/107.5/105.0/102.5/10
Recommendation confidence MediumMediumLowMediumMediumMediumMediumLow
Ski-area profile
Historical snow reliability 68/10086/10095/100clear advantage76/10078/10081/10044/10028/100
Typical daytime high 3°C1°C-2°C-2°C1°C0°C3°C3°C
Typical snow/freezing level ––––––––
Typical overnight low -4°C-7°C-7°C-7°C-6°C-5°C-5°C-4°C
Rating 8.1/107.5/107.1/108.1/107.4/106.8/107.3/107.0/10
Area size class 150–250 km150–250 km20–50 km250+ km100–150 km20–50 km20 km or less20 km or less
Ability profile advancedintermediateexpertadvancedadvancedexpertexpertadvanced
Price class highhighlowhighhighavgavgavg
Terrain and altitude
Marked pistes 175 km225 km42 km322 kmclear advantage142 km36 km8 km10 km
Lowest point 1,000 m1,229 m2,011 m1,562 m1,472 m2,108 m889 m900 m
Highest point 3,842 m2,865 m3,212 m3,899 m3,573 m3,122 m1,589 m1,330 m
Vertical range 2,842 mclear advantage1,636 m1,201 m2,337 m2,101 m1,014 m700 m430 m
Blue pistes 34%49%24%23%22%18%31%22%
Red pistes 44%39%43%68%62%56%15%56%
Black pistes 22%12%33%8%16%26%54%clear advantage22%
Terrain above 2,000 m 55%48%–92%clear advantage57%–0%0%
Terrain above 3,000 m 0%0%–21%clear advantage0%–0%0%
Piste-mix diversity 97/10089/10097/10074/10084/10090/10090/10091/100
Slope-angle diversity 86/100clear advantage45/100–51/10068/100–34/10014/100
Very/extremely steep terrain 21%clear advantage4%–6%2%–1%0%
Historical context
Historical snow resilience ––––––––
Typical early-winter mountain depth ––––––––
Typical core-winter mountain depth ––––––––
Typical late-winter mountain depth ––––––––
Snow consistency ––––––––
Late-winter retention ––––––––
Lower-mountain retention ––––––––
Warm-winter resilience ––––––––
Mountain snow versus typical Well above typical+146% vs average · 100th percentile–Well below typical-87% vs average · 0th percentileWell below typical-36% vs average · 4th percentile–Well below typical-69% vs average · 12th percentile––
Valley snow versus typical –––Below typical-40% vs average · 58th percentile–Close to typical-100% vs average · 0th percentile––
Open slopes versus typical –––Close to typical-20% vs average · 50th percentile––––
Current snow
Valley snow 30 cm––19 cm–0 cm––
Mid-mountain snow 30 cm–5 cm30 cm–9 cm––
Mountain snow 145 cmclear advantage–6 cm80 cm–15 cm––
Fresh snow 0 cm0 cm0 cm0 cm0 cm1 cm0 cm0 cm
Snow quality ––9.4/109.6/10––––
Snow alert 0 cm0 cm0 cm0 cm0 cm0 cm0 cm0 cm
Open terrain and lifts
Open slopes –––7%––––
Open lifts ––––––––
Lift capacity per piste km 556 pph/kmclear advantage288 pph/km353 pph/km298 pph/km289 pph/km394 pph/km409 pph/km–
Lift-system coverage 0.48×clear advantage0.22×0.31×0.28×0.28×0.30×0.33×–
Terrain per lift 2.5 km/lift5.2 km/lift3.8 km/lift6.3 km/lift3.6 km/lift4.5 km/lift2.0 km/lift1.7 km/lift
Weather
Minimum temperature 5°C-3°C-7°C-7°C2°C-6°C7°C6°C
Maximum temperature 12°C0°C-3°C-4°C7°C-2°C11°C9°C
Suitability and facilities
Family suitability –family––family–family–
Piste variety slopesslopes–slopesslopes–––
Off-piste offpiste––offpiste––––
Cross-country ––––––––
Lift network –lifts–liftsliftslifts––
Mountain restaurants –restaurantsrestaurantsrestaurantsrestaurants–––
Après-ski –––apresskiapresski–––
Public transport transit––transit––transit–
Best airport transfer 63 minclear advantage129 min133 min104 min441 min124 min––
Skiing per transfer hour 166 km/h transfer105 km/h transfer19 km/h transfer186 km/h transfer19 km/h transfer17 km/h transfer––